在冶金工业的精密化学体系中，精萘作为一种关键有机原料，正悄然推动着金属提纯、性能优化与工艺革新。其独特的分子结构与化学特性，使精萘在钢铁冶炼、有色金属加工及特种合金制备等领域，展现出不可替代的应用价值。

　　In the precision chemical system of the metallurgical industry, refined naphthalene, as a key organic raw material, is quietly promoting metal purification, performance optimization, and process innovation. Its unique molecular structure and chemical properties make refined naphthalene irreplaceable in fields such as steel smelting, non-ferrous metal processing, and special alloy preparation.

　　一、精萘的化学特性与冶金应用基础

　　1、 Chemical properties and metallurgical application basis of refined naphthalene

　　精萘是由两个苯环稠合而成的多环芳烃，其分子平面结构赋予它独特的物理化学性质：

　　Naphthalene  is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon formed by the condensation of two benzene rings, and its molecular planar structure endows it with unique physical and chemical properties

　　高碳氢比与热稳定性

　　High carbon to hydrogen ratio and thermal stability

　　精萘碳含量高达93.7%，在高温环境下（>80℃）开始升华，这一特性使其成为冶金反应中的优质碳源。在电弧炉炼钢中，精萘作为增碳剂，可精确调控钢液碳含量，误差范围控制在±0.01%以内。

　　The carbon content of refined naphthalene is as high as 93.7%, and it begins to sublime at high temperatures (>80 ℃), making it a high-quality carbon source in metallurgical reactions. In electric arc furnace steelmaking, refined naphthalene serves as a carbon additive, which can accurately regulate the carbon content of the steel liquid, with an error range controlled within ± 0.01%.

　　还原性与选择性

　　Reductability and selectivity

　　在缺氧条件下，精萘可脱氢生成自由基，作为温和还原剂参与金属氧化物还原。在铜火法精炼中，精萘能选择性还原Cu₂O而不影响其他杂质相，使除氧效率提升25%。

　　Under hypoxic conditions, naphthalene can be dehydrogenated to generate free radicals, which act as mild reducing agents to participate in the reduction of metal oxides. In copper pyrometallurgical refining, refined naphthalene can selectively reduce Cu ₂ O without affecting other impurity phases, resulting in a 25% increase in deoxygenation efficiency.

　　表面活性与渗透性

　　Surface activity and permeability

　　精萘分子可通过π-π堆积吸附于金属表面，降低界面张力。在铝合金熔炼中，添加0.05%精萘可使氢气排出效率提升40%，显著减少针孔缺陷。

　　Naphthalene molecules can adsorb onto metal surfaces through π - π stacking, reducing interfacial tension. In aluminum alloy melting, adding 0.05% refined naphthalene can increase the hydrogen emission efficiency by 40% and significantly reduce pinhole defects.

　　二、精萘在冶金工艺中的核心作用

　　2、 The core role of refined naphthalene in metallurgical processes

　　精萘通过三种作用机制深度参与冶金过程：

　　Naphthalene is deeply involved in metallurgical processes through three mechanisms of action:

　　碳质调整剂

　　Carbonaceous adjuster

　　在电炉炼钢中，精萘作为增碳剂，通过喷吹系统直接注入钢液。其高反应活性使碳吸收率达95%以上，远超石墨电极的85%吸收率，特别适用于低碳钢（C<0.25%）的成分精准控制。

　　In electric furnace steelmaking, refined naphthalene is used as a carburizer and directly injected into the molten steel through a blowing system. Its high reactivity results in a carbon absorption rate of over 95%, far exceeding the 85% absorption rate of graphite electrodes, making it particularly suitable for precise control of the composition of low carbon steel (C<0.25%).

　　还原介质载体

　　Reduction medium carrier

　　在镍铁合金生产中，精萘与氧化镍混合制成球团，在回转窑内进行选择性还原。精萘挥发产生的还原性气氛，使镍氧化物的还原温度降低100-150℃，能耗下降20%。

　　In the production of nickel iron alloy, refined naphthalene is mixed with nickel oxide to form pellets, which are selectively reduced in a rotary kiln. The reducing atmosphere generated by the volatilization of refined naphthalene lowers the reduction temperature of nickel oxide by 100-150 ℃ and reduces energy consumption by 20%.

　　熔剂改性剂

　　Flux modifier

　　在连铸保护渣中添加0.5-1.0%精萘，可调控渣系黏度与结晶温度。通过DSC差热分析显示，精萘使保护渣的结晶温度窗口拓宽15℃，有效防止铸坯表面裂纹。

　　Adding 0.5-1.0% refined naphthalene to continuous casting slag can regulate the viscosity and crystallization temperature of the slag system. According to DSC differential thermal analysis, refined naphthalene widens the crystallization temperature window of the slag by 15 ℃, effectively preventing surface cracks on the casting billet.

　　三、精萘应用的创新方向

　　3、 Innovative directions for the application of refined naphthalene

　　随着冶金工艺的精细化发展，精萘的应用场景持续拓展：

　　With the refinement of metallurgical processes, the application scenarios of refined naphthalene continue to expand

　　特种钢冶炼

　　Special steel smelting

　　开发精萘基复合合金化剂，通过化学气相沉积在钢表面形成碳化物层。在轴承钢（GCr15）处理中，可使碳化物均匀度等级提升2级，接触疲劳寿命延长30%。

　　Develop a refined naphthalene based composite alloying agent to form a carbide layer on the surface of steel through chemical vapor deposition. In the treatment of bearing steel (GCr15), the uniformity level of carbides can be improved by 2 levels, and the contact fatigue life can be extended by 30%.

　　有色金属提纯

　　Purification of non-ferrous metals

　　在电子级铜箔生产中，采用精萘作为有机添加剂，通过电化学共沉积技术，使铜箔晶粒尺寸细化至0.5μm以下，达到A级铜箔标准（ISO 11950）。

　　In the production of electronic grade copper foil, refined naphthalene is used as an organic additive, and the grain size of the copper foil is refined to below 0.5 μ m through electrochemical co deposition technology, meeting the A-level copper foil standard (ISO 11950).

　　3D打印金属粉体制备

　　Preparation of 3D printed metal powder system

　　在气雾化制粉过程中，精萘作为表面活性剂，可降低熔融金属表面张力20%。制得的钛合金粉末流动性指数（Hall流速）提升至35s/50g，满足航空航天级增材制造要求。

　　In the process of aerosol powder production, refined naphthalene as a surfactant can reduce the surface tension of molten metal by 20%. The flowability index (Hall flow rate) of the produced titanium alloy powder has been increased to 35s/50g, meeting the requirements of aerospace grade additive manufacturing.

　　四、应用安全与环保控制

　　4、 Application Security and Environmental Control

　　精萘的挥发性与致癌性潜在风险，需通过工程控制实现安全应用：

　　The volatility and potential carcinogenicity risks of refined naphthalene require engineering control to achieve safe application:

　　密闭输送系统

　　Closed conveying system

　　采用氮气保护螺旋输送机，使精萘在惰性气氛下转移，操作区域苯并[a]芘浓度控制在0.1μg/m₂以下，远低于GBZ 2.1职业接触限值。

　　Using nitrogen to protect the screw conveyor, the refined naphthalene is transferred in an inert atmosphere, and the concentration of benzo [a] pyrene in the operating area is controlled below 0.1 μ g/m₂, far below the occupational exposure limit of GBZ 2.1.

　　废气处理装置

　　Exhaust gas treatment device

　　配置蓄热式热氧化炉（RTO），对精萘热解废气进行高温焚烧。实测显示，VOCs去除效率达99.5%，二噁英排放浓度<0.05ng-TEQ/m₂。

　　Configure a regenerative thermal oxidation furnace (RTO) to incinerate the waste gas from the pyrolysis of refined naphthalene at high temperatures. Actual testing shows that the removal efficiency of VOCs reaches 99.5%, and the concentration of dioxin emissions is less than 0.05ng-TEQ/m₂.

　　应急处置方案

　　Emergency response plan

　　建立精萘泄漏快速响应机制，配备活性炭吸附毯与化学中和剂。模拟演练表明，从泄漏检测到污染控制可在15分钟内完成，环境影响范围控制在5米半径内。

　　Establish a rapid response mechanism for naphthalene leakage, equipped with activated carbon adsorption blanket and chemical neutralizer. Simulation exercises show that the process from leak detection to pollution control can be completed within 15 minutes, and the environmental impact range is controlled within a 5-meter radius.

　　精萘在冶金行业的应用，是化学科学与材料工程的交叉创新。通过精准调控其反应特性，精萘已成为金属提纯、组织控制、性能优化的关键变量。随着绿色冶金与智能制造的推进，精萘的应用将向功能化、精细化方向发展，持续赋能冶金工业的高质量转型。这种化学物质的深度应用，不仅展现了材料科学的魅力，更推动了现代冶金工艺向更高效、更环保的方向迈进。

　　The application of refined naphthalene in the metallurgical industry is a cross innovation between chemical science and materials engineering. By precisely regulating its reaction characteristics, refined naphthalene has become a key variable for metal purification, tissue control, and performance optimization. With the advancement of green metallurgy and intelligent manufacturing, the application of refined naphthalene will develop towards functionalization and refinement, continuously empowering the high-quality transformation of the metallurgical industry. The deep application of this chemical substance not only showcases the charm of materials science, but also promotes modern metallurgical processes towards greater efficiency and environmental friendliness.

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