精萘作为重要的化工原料，广泛用于染料、医药及防蛀剂生产，但其易燃、有毒的特性对泄漏处理提出严格要求。一旦发生泄漏，需立即启动应急预案，结合物理吸附、化学中和及专业处置技术，最大限度降低环境风险与人员伤害。

　　Naphthalene, as an important chemical raw material, is widely used in the production of dyes, pharmaceuticals, and insecticides. However, its flammable and toxic properties impose strict requirements on leak treatment. Once a leak occurs, the emergency plan should be immediately activated, combined with physical adsorption, chemical neutralization, and professional disposal techniques to minimize environmental risks and personnel injuries.

　　一、泄漏初步评估与人员防护

　　1、 Preliminary assessment of leakage and personnel protection

　　风险分级：

　　Risk classification:

　　根据泄漏量划分等级：少量泄漏（＜1L）启动二级响应，大量泄漏（≥1L）需一级响应并联动消防、环保部门。

　　According to the leakage level, a second level response is initiated for small leaks (<1L), and a first level response is required for large leaks (≥ 1L), in conjunction with fire and environmental protection departments.

　　使用气体检测仪监测现场可燃气体浓度，当体积分数超1.5%时，严禁明火及非防爆设备。

　　Use a gas detector to monitor the concentration of combustible gases on site. When the volume fraction exceeds 1.5%, open flames and non explosion proof equipment are strictly prohibited.

　　防护装备：

　　Protective equipment:

　　应急人员需穿戴A级防护服，包括正压式空气呼吸器、防化手套及防静电靴。

　　Emergency personnel are required to wear A-level protective clothing, including positive pressure air respirators, chemical resistant gloves, and anti-static boots.

　　皮肤接触者需立即用清水冲洗15分钟，并脱去污染衣物，避免擦拭导致吸收加剧。

　　Skin contact individuals should immediately rinse with clean water for 15 minutes and remove contaminated clothing to avoid wiping and exacerbating absorption.

　　二、泄漏源控制与围堵

　　2、 Leakage source control and containment

　　切断泄漏途径：

　　Cut off the leakage pathway:

　　关闭泄漏容器阀门，若为管道泄漏，使用专用卡箍或木楔封堵，禁止直接用水冲刷。

　　Close the valve of the leaking container. If it is a pipeline leak, use specialized clamps or wooden wedges to seal it. It is forbidden to directly flush it with water.

　　对储罐底部泄漏，可构筑环形围堰，高度不低于20cm，防止扩散至排水系统。

　　For leakage at the bottom of the storage tank, a circular cofferdam can be constructed with a height of not less than 20cm to prevent it from spreading to the drainage system.

　　吸附材料选择：

　　Adsorption material selection:

　　优先使用蛭石、硅藻土等惰性吸附剂，按1:1比例覆盖泄漏物，避免使用易燃的锯末或棉纱。

　　Prioritize the use of inert adsorbents such as vermiculite and diatomaceous earth, cover the leaked material in a 1:1 ratio, and avoid using flammable sawdust or cotton yarn.

　　对下水道、裂缝等隐蔽区域，注入聚氨酯泡沫膨胀封堵，防止渗透污染地下水。

　　For concealed areas such as sewers and cracks, polyurethane foam shall be injected for expansion and plugging to prevent groundwater from being polluted by infiltration.

　　三、泄漏物回收与处置

　　3、 Leakage recovery and disposal

　　机械回收：

　　Mechanical recycling:

　　采用防爆型真空吸污车抽取液态精萘，抽吸管需接地防静电，抽吸压力控制在0.05MPa以下。

　　An explosion-proof vacuum suction truck is used to extract liquid refined naphthalene, and the suction tube needs to be grounded and anti-static, with a suction pressure controlled below 0.05 MPa.

　　固态残留物用铜铲或塑料铲转移至广口塑料桶，桶身标注“危险废物”并密封。

　　Solid residues are transferred to wide mouth plastic drums using copper or plastic shovels, with the drum labeled as "hazardous waste" and sealed.

　　化学中和：

　　Chemical neutralization:

　　对微量残留，喷洒30%氢氧化钠溶液形成覆盖层，反应生成水溶性萘钠盐，降低挥发性。

　　For trace residues, spray a 30% sodium hydroxide solution to form a cover layer, react to generate water-soluble naphthalene sodium salt, and reduce volatility.

　　中和后废液需用pH试纸检测，确保pH值在6-9范围内方可进入废水处理系统。

　　After neutralization, the waste liquid needs to be tested with pH test paper to ensure that the pH value is within the range of 6-9 before entering the wastewater treatment system.

　　四、现场洗消与监测

　　4、 On site disinfection and monitoring

　　设备洗消：

　　Equipment cleaning:

　　使用5%碳酸钠溶液擦拭受污染设备，再用清水冲洗三遍，检测洗消废水COD值＜100mg/L后排放。

　　Wipe the contaminated equipment with a 5% sodium carbonate solution, rinse it three times with clean water, and discharge the wastewater after testing for COD value<100mg/L.

　　防化服需用2%磷酸三钠溶液浸泡2小时，清水漂洗后通风晾干。

　　Chemical protective clothing needs to be soaked in a 2% trisodium phosphate solution for 2 hours, rinsed with water, and then ventilated to dry.

　　环境监测：

　　Environmental monitoring:

　　泄漏区域每2小时进行一次空气采样，检测萘蒸气浓度，连续48小时达标后方可解除警戒。

　　Air sampling should be conducted every 2 hours in the leakage area to detect the concentration of naphthalene vapor. The alert can only be lifted after reaching the standard for 48 consecutive hours.

　　对周边土壤分层取样，0-20cm表层土需用热脱附技术处理，深层土如未受污染可回填。

　　Stratified sampling of surrounding soil is required. The 0-20cm surface soil needs to be treated with thermal desorption technology, while the deep soil can be backfilled if it is not contaminated.

　　五、医疗救护与后续观察

　　5、 Medical rescue and follow-up observation

　　症状处置：

　　Symptom management:

　　吸入者出现头晕、恶心症状时，立即转移至通风处，给予5%葡萄糖盐水静脉注射。

　　When the inhaler experiences dizziness or nausea, immediately transfer to a well ventilated area and administer intravenous injection of 5% glucose saline solution.

　　眼接触者用生理盐水冲洗至少10分钟，禁用激素类滴眼液。

　　Eye contact should be rinsed with physiological saline for at least 10 minutes, and steroid eye drops should be avoided.

　　健康跟踪：

　　Health tracking:

　　对暴露人员建立健康档案，72小时内每日监测血常规、尿常规及肝功能指标。

　　Establish health records for exposed individuals and monitor blood routine, urine routine, and liver function indicators daily within 72 hours.

　　孕妇及慢性呼吸道疾病患者需延长观察期至14天，并接受低流量吸氧治疗。

　　Pregnant women and patients with chronic respiratory diseases need to extend the observation period to 14 days and receive low flow oxygen therapy.

　　六、事故调查与预防改进

　　6、 Accident Investigation and Prevention Improvement

　　原因分析：

　　Cause analysis:

　　重点检查储罐腐蚀情况，使用超声波测厚仪检测罐体壁厚，壁厚＜3mm时需强制报废。

　　Focus on inspecting the corrosion of the storage tank and use an ultrasonic thickness gauge to measure the wall thickness of the tank. If the wall thickness is less than 3mm, it must be forcibly scrapped.

　　审查装卸作业SOP，确保鹤管对接时间控制在5分钟内，减少挥发风险。

　　Review the SOP for loading and unloading operations to ensure that the docking time of the crane tube is controlled within 5 minutes, reducing the risk of volatilization.

　　应急演练：

　　Emergency drill:

　　每半年组织一次无脚本泄漏演练，模拟夜间、雨天等复杂场景，提升协同响应能力。

　　Organize a script free leak drill every six months to simulate complex scenarios such as nighttime and rainy days, and enhance collaborative response capabilities.

　　对演练中发现的问题，72小时内完成整改并更新应急预案。

　　Rectify and update the emergency plan within 72 hours for any issues discovered during the drill.

　　精萘泄漏处理需兼顾效率与安全，从源头控制到末端治理形成闭环。通过科学选材、规范操作及持续监测，可有效控制泄漏危害，保障人员安全与环境清洁。

　　The treatment of refined naphthalene leakage needs to balance efficiency and safety, forming a closed loop from source control to end of pipe treatment. Through scientific selection, standardized operation, and continuous monitoring, leakage hazards can be effectively controlled, ensuring personnel safety and environmental cleanliness.

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